Root systems not only have functions that are important for plant growth and development, such as support, absorption, assimilation, storage, and regeneration, but also play an important role in the cycle of water, carbon, and nitrogen in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). effect. The mechanical interpenetration, chemical secretion of roots in the soil, and the decomposed transformation after death have a great influence on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The root system also has a strong ability to retain water and soil. Root characteristics are the basic basis for water and nutrient management, grazing and grazing, and are closely related to soil cultivation and crop planting systems. A systematic review of the depth of roots in the alfalfa root system was made. However, there are no comprehensive and systematic review literatures on the number of root biomass and the impact factors of alfalfa. Based on the research of the root biomass of the existing alfalfa using the root analyzer, the root biomass of alfalfa and its affecting factors were systematically studied in order to provide basis for the cultivation and management of alfalfa and lay a foundation for further research on alfalfa root system. .
1. Soil properties affect root biomass. The heavier the soil disorders (acid, alkali, salt, viscous, and compact), the smaller the root biomass. The stronger the soil acidity is, the smaller the root biomass of alfalfa is; the increase of pH value of acidic soil can increase the root biomass of alfalfa. The root biomass of alfalfa grown in loam soil was higher than that of silty soil; those grown on sandy loam soil were higher than sand soil. The tighter the soil and the worse the permeability, the smaller the root biomass of alfalfa. The higher the soil salt content, the smaller the root biomass of alfalfa.
2. Waterlogging reduced the root biomass of alfalfa. Field experiments were conducted on alfalfa growing for 27 d and 21 d after sowing for 15 days and 11 days respectively. It was found that the root biomass of 0-15 cm soil layer in flooding treatment Significantly lower than unflooded controls.
3, deep plowing can increase the root biomass of alfalfa, the effect of sowing is particularly evident that year. The total root biomass of four-month-old Atractylodes crocea at shallow (12 cm), medium (18 cm), and deep tillage (28 cm) treatments was 641, 803 and 1229 kg•hm-2, respectively.
4, fertilization can increase the root biomass of alfalfa. Nitrogen application under potting conditions increased the root biomass of alfalfa; under field conditions, nitrogen application had no effect on the surface root biomass of alfalfa or resulted in its reduction. Appropriate application of potassium can increase the root biomass of alfalfa, and its excess leads to its decrease. Under the conditions of no sulfur control and 20 and 40 mg S•kg-1 soil treatment, the root biomass of alfalfa grown for 75 days was 0•64, 1.21 and 1.18 g•pot-1, respectively. The silicon-treated alfalfa root biomass increased by more than 35% compared to no silicon control.
It was found that root biomass in the 0-50 cm soil layer treated with fresh water control, selenium application, and selenium-cobalt treatment was 717.1, 743.5 and 770.8 g•m-2, respectively.
5, irrigation can increase the root biomass of alfalfa; irrigation mode and appropriate irrigation can obtain relatively large root biomass. Field experiments showed that the root biomass of the 0-20 cm soil layer in Alegro苜蓿 water grown for 1.5 years was 250-290 g•m-2, which was significantly higher than 170-190 g•m-2 without irrigation control.
6. Castration reduced the root biomass of alfalfa. In the field experiment, it was found that the root biomass of 0-15 cm soil layer of alfalfa grown for 2 years was 3776 and 3329 kg•hm-2, respectively, without cutting control and cutting. The higher the frequency of cutting, the lower the root biomass of alfalfa. In the field experiment, it was found that under the treatment of 4 cutting frequencies of 0, 1, 2 and 3 times of the year, the root biomass of Jinhuanghou in the first year of growth was 80.58, 69.57, 53.97 and 23.99 g•m-2, respectively. The higher the height of cutting, the greater the biomass of the alfalfa roots.
7, adding growth regulators can increase the root biomass of alfalfa.
8, mixed sowing reduce the alfalfa root biomass. In the field experiment, it was found that the root biomass of the Beave苜蓿 0-30 cm soil layer for uni-growing for 3 years was 14850 kg•hm-2, while it was 8950 kg•hm-2 for Fleet-free bromegrass mixed planters.
9. Within a certain range, alfalfa root biomass increased with plant density.
10. There are some differences in root biomass of different varieties (materials). A pot experiment was conducted and found that the root biomass of three varieties, such as 90-day-old Guyuan, was significantly different under low water supply conditions. The lowest was 4.2 g per plant, and the higher was 5.6 g per plant; medium and low. The reaction pattern is similar under water supply conditions.
11. The longer the growth period, the greater the root biomass of alfalfa. In each growth season, the root biomass of alfalfa gradually increased, but it decreased at the beginning of returning green and after each cutting, returned to the pre-castrate level after 3-4 weeks, and then continued to increase.
The influencing factors of alfalfa root biomass: soil characteristics, flooding, tillage, fertilization, irrigation, cutting, growth regulators, mixed sowing, plant density, variety and growing years all had significant effects on alfalfa root biomass. The heavier the soil barrier (acid, alkali, salt, viscous, and compact), the thinner the soil layer, and the higher the groundwater level, the smaller the root biomass of alfalfa. Flooding reduced alfalfa root biomass. Deep plowing can increase the root biomass of alfalfa, especially in the year of sowing. Fertilization can increase the root biomass of alfalfa. Irrigation can increase the root biomass of alfalfa, and relatively large root biomass can be obtained when the irrigation pattern and irrigation amount are appropriate. The higher the frequency of cutting, the lower the root biomass of alfalfa. Addition of growth regulators can increase the root biomass of alfalfa. Mixed sowing reduced the alfalfa root biomass. In a certain range, alfalfa root biomass increased with plant density. There are some differences in root biomass of different varieties (materials). The longer the growth period, the greater the root biomass of alfalfa. In each growth season, the root biomass of alfalfa gradually increased, but it decreased at the beginning of returning green and after each cutting, returned to the pre-castrate level after 3-4 weeks, and then continued to increase.
1. Soil properties affect root biomass. The heavier the soil disorders (acid, alkali, salt, viscous, and compact), the smaller the root biomass. The stronger the soil acidity is, the smaller the root biomass of alfalfa is; the increase of pH value of acidic soil can increase the root biomass of alfalfa. The root biomass of alfalfa grown in loam soil was higher than that of silty soil; those grown on sandy loam soil were higher than sand soil. The tighter the soil and the worse the permeability, the smaller the root biomass of alfalfa. The higher the soil salt content, the smaller the root biomass of alfalfa.
2. Waterlogging reduced the root biomass of alfalfa. Field experiments were conducted on alfalfa growing for 27 d and 21 d after sowing for 15 days and 11 days respectively. It was found that the root biomass of 0-15 cm soil layer in flooding treatment Significantly lower than unflooded controls.
3, deep plowing can increase the root biomass of alfalfa, the effect of sowing is particularly evident that year. The total root biomass of four-month-old Atractylodes crocea at shallow (12 cm), medium (18 cm), and deep tillage (28 cm) treatments was 641, 803 and 1229 kg•hm-2, respectively.
4, fertilization can increase the root biomass of alfalfa. Nitrogen application under potting conditions increased the root biomass of alfalfa; under field conditions, nitrogen application had no effect on the surface root biomass of alfalfa or resulted in its reduction. Appropriate application of potassium can increase the root biomass of alfalfa, and its excess leads to its decrease. Under the conditions of no sulfur control and 20 and 40 mg S•kg-1 soil treatment, the root biomass of alfalfa grown for 75 days was 0•64, 1.21 and 1.18 g•pot-1, respectively. The silicon-treated alfalfa root biomass increased by more than 35% compared to no silicon control.
It was found that root biomass in the 0-50 cm soil layer treated with fresh water control, selenium application, and selenium-cobalt treatment was 717.1, 743.5 and 770.8 g•m-2, respectively.
5, irrigation can increase the root biomass of alfalfa; irrigation mode and appropriate irrigation can obtain relatively large root biomass. Field experiments showed that the root biomass of the 0-20 cm soil layer in Alegro苜蓿 water grown for 1.5 years was 250-290 g•m-2, which was significantly higher than 170-190 g•m-2 without irrigation control.
6. Castration reduced the root biomass of alfalfa. In the field experiment, it was found that the root biomass of 0-15 cm soil layer of alfalfa grown for 2 years was 3776 and 3329 kg•hm-2, respectively, without cutting control and cutting. The higher the frequency of cutting, the lower the root biomass of alfalfa. In the field experiment, it was found that under the treatment of 4 cutting frequencies of 0, 1, 2 and 3 times of the year, the root biomass of Jinhuanghou in the first year of growth was 80.58, 69.57, 53.97 and 23.99 g•m-2, respectively. The higher the height of cutting, the greater the biomass of the alfalfa roots.
7, adding growth regulators can increase the root biomass of alfalfa.
8, mixed sowing reduce the alfalfa root biomass. In the field experiment, it was found that the root biomass of the Beave苜蓿 0-30 cm soil layer for uni-growing for 3 years was 14850 kg•hm-2, while it was 8950 kg•hm-2 for Fleet-free bromegrass mixed planters.
9. Within a certain range, alfalfa root biomass increased with plant density.
10. There are some differences in root biomass of different varieties (materials). A pot experiment was conducted and found that the root biomass of three varieties, such as 90-day-old Guyuan, was significantly different under low water supply conditions. The lowest was 4.2 g per plant, and the higher was 5.6 g per plant; medium and low. The reaction pattern is similar under water supply conditions.
11. The longer the growth period, the greater the root biomass of alfalfa. In each growth season, the root biomass of alfalfa gradually increased, but it decreased at the beginning of returning green and after each cutting, returned to the pre-castrate level after 3-4 weeks, and then continued to increase.
The influencing factors of alfalfa root biomass: soil characteristics, flooding, tillage, fertilization, irrigation, cutting, growth regulators, mixed sowing, plant density, variety and growing years all had significant effects on alfalfa root biomass. The heavier the soil barrier (acid, alkali, salt, viscous, and compact), the thinner the soil layer, and the higher the groundwater level, the smaller the root biomass of alfalfa. Flooding reduced alfalfa root biomass. Deep plowing can increase the root biomass of alfalfa, especially in the year of sowing. Fertilization can increase the root biomass of alfalfa. Irrigation can increase the root biomass of alfalfa, and relatively large root biomass can be obtained when the irrigation pattern and irrigation amount are appropriate. The higher the frequency of cutting, the lower the root biomass of alfalfa. Addition of growth regulators can increase the root biomass of alfalfa. Mixed sowing reduced the alfalfa root biomass. In a certain range, alfalfa root biomass increased with plant density. There are some differences in root biomass of different varieties (materials). The longer the growth period, the greater the root biomass of alfalfa. In each growth season, the root biomass of alfalfa gradually increased, but it decreased at the beginning of returning green and after each cutting, returned to the pre-castrate level after 3-4 weeks, and then continued to increase.
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